References
Information in this guide is drawn from peer-reviewed clinical literature, pharmacogenetic guidelines, and major academic medical centers. Please read primary sources for full clinical context.
Last reviewed: May 2026 (next review: May 2027) • Sources include CPIC pharmacogenetic guidelines, NIH/MedlinePlus, WHO, AAP, NCBI Bookshelf, and peer-reviewed literature.
This resource is educational and does not replace care from a licensed clinician or pharmacist.
Relling MV et al. CPIC Guidelines for rasburicase and G6PD. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014.
Open sourceGammal RS et al. CPIC Guideline for tafenoquine/primaquine and G6PD. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2023.
Open sourceLuzzatto L, Arese P. Favism and G6PD Deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(1):60-71.
Open sourceYoungster I et al. Medications and G6PD deficiency: an evidence-based review. Drug Saf. 2010;33(9):713-26.
Open sourceFrank JE. Diagnosis and management of G6PD deficiency. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(7):1277-82.
Open sourceRichardson SR, O'Malley GF. G6PD Deficiency. StatPearls (NCBI Bookshelf), updated 2023.
Open sourceMedlinePlus / NIH. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Open sourceWHO Working Group. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Bull World Health Organ. 1989;67(6):601-11.
Open sourceJohns Hopkins Medicine. G6PD deficiency overview.
Open sourceCleveland Clinic. G6PD deficiency.
Open sourceAmerican Academy of Pediatrics. Management of Hyperbilirubinemia in the Newborn (Kemper et al., 2022).
Open sourceQuinn J et al. High-dose vitamin C and G6PD deficiency. Mil Med. 2017.
Open sourceRees DC et al. Acute haemolysis induced by high dose ascorbic acid in G6PD deficiency. BMJ. 1993.
Open sourceMehta A et al. High-dose IV vitamin C–induced hemolysis in G6PD deficiency: case report. 2021.
Open sourceKandil HH et al. Henna inducing hemolysis among G6PD-deficient newborns. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1996.
Open sourceRaupp P et al. Henna causes life-threatening hemolysis in G6PD deficiency. Arch Dis Child. 2001.
Open sourceSantucci K, Shah B. Association of naphthalene with acute hemolytic anemia. Acad Emerg Med. 2000.
Open sourceChan TY. Herbal medicine causing likely strychnine poisoning in Hong Kong: review of G6PD-related neonatal hemolysis case series. 1993.
Open sourceMcGann PT et al. G6PD deficiency: an emerging issue in sub-Saharan Africa and traditional medicine review. 2013.
Open sourceMeloni T et al. Hemolytic anemia after glibenclamide in G6PD-deficient subjects. Acta Haematol. 1992.
Open sourceBast A, Haenen GR. Lipoic acid: a multifunctional antioxidant — safety considerations. 2008.
Open sourceBasch E et al. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): a review of efficacy and safety. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2003.
Open sourceMychaskiw G et al. Hyperbaric oxygen and G6PD deficiency: case report. 2001.
Open sourceEldamhougy S et al. Vitamin E status in G6PD-deficient subjects. 1988.
Open sourceArese P, De Flora A. Pathophysiology of hemolysis in G6PD deficiency. Semin Hematol. 1990 / 1998 review.
Open sourceG6PD Deficiency Association — Drug and food reference.
Open sourceBritish National Formulary (BNF). G6PD deficiency drug list.
Open sourceUpToDate. Diagnosis and management of G6PD deficiency (clinician summary).
Open sourceFDA. Methylene blue prescribing information / labeled warnings.
Open sourceCDC. Vaccine recommendations and schedules.
Open sourceMayo Clinic. G6PD deficiency overview.
Open sourceNIH Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS). Vitamin C and Vitamin E fact sheets.
Open source
Disclaimer
This site is for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice and does not replace evaluation, diagnosis, or treatment by a qualified healthcare professional. Individual risk depends on your specific G6PD variant, age, other health conditions, and other medications. Always consult your physician, pediatrician, hematologist, or pharmacist before making decisions about medicines, supplements, treatments, or significant dietary changes. If you suspect hemolysis or any medical emergency, seek urgent medical care immediately.